Romeo and Juliet, tragedy written by William Shakespeare in about 1595. The play
dramatizes the fate of two young lovers whose tragic deaths are brought about by feuding
between their families and by their own passionate temperaments. One of the most famous
love stories in all literature, Shakespeare’s moving drama of these “star-cross’d lovers” is
noted for the lyrical beauty of many of its speeches.
The play opens in the Italian city of Verona, where the families of Montague and Capulet are
engaged in a bitter feud. Romeo, the heir of the Montagues, loves Rosaline. Discovering that
Rosaline has been invited to a Capulet banquet, Romeo attends in disguise. There, he meets
and falls in love with Juliet, the beautiful daughter of the Capulets. They kiss, initially not
realizing their families are enemies. Romeo slips into the Capulet orchard at night and
overhears Juliet confessing her love for him on her balcony. Romeo identifies himself, and
they pledge eternal love despite the hostility of their families. They are secretly married the
next day by the benevolent Friar Laurence.
Shortly afterward Romeo encounters Tybalt, who is a Capulet, and an exchange of insults
escalates into a brawl. Romeo’s friend Mercutio is mortally wounded by Tybalt; Romeo then
kills Tybalt. The Prince of Verona banishes Romeo from the city. Romeo spends his last night
with Juliet and then leaves in the morning for exile in Mantua.
Juliet’s father orders her to marry Count Paris within three days. Juliet, in desperation, goes to
Friar Laurence, who gives her a potion that puts her into a deathlike sleep. Believed to be
dead, she is placed in the Capulet burial vault, while the friar sends a letter to Romeo to take
her away when she awakens. In Mantua, Romeo hears of Juliet’s death, but the letter from
Friar Laurence never reaches him. Romeo believes that Juliet is truly dead and resolves to die
beside her. He rushes back to Verona and breaks into the tomb, drinks poison, and dies beside
the sleeping Juliet. When Juliet awakens, she finds Romeo’s body and stabs herself with his
dagger. The Montagues and Capulets arrive at the tomb, where Friar Laurence explains the
tragic events. They realize the disastrous effect of their feud and are at last reconciled.
Romeo and Juliet contains some of Shakespeare’s finest poetry. It is also noteworthy for its
deft mixture of comedy and tragedy. The cynical wit of Romeo’s friend Mercutio and the
worldly humor of Juliet’s nurse provide a vivid contrast to the tender lyricism of the love
scenes. One of the highlights of the play is the balcony scene in the Capulet orchard. Lines
often quoted from the play include “A plague on both your houses!” and “What's in a name?
That which we call a rose/By any other name would smell as sweet.”
The characterization of the play is superb; even minor characters like the nurse and Mercutio
spring into life. And the development of the two major characters from the dreamy boy and
the innocent girl of the first act to the tragic figures of the last is something new in English
drama. The entire play is something new, for Shakespeare felt strong enough to break with the
dramatic conventions of his time and write the first English tragedy dealing sympathetically
with the theme of romantic love.
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